Effect of graded motor imagery combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper limb function of stroke patients / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of graded motor imagery (GMI) combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on upper limb function and activities of daily living of stroke patients. MethodsFrom June, 2022 to February, 2023, 45 stroke patients from Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital and Xuzhou Central Hospital were recruited and divided into control group (n = 15), GMI group (n = 15) and combined group (n = 15) randomly. All the groups received conventional rehabilitation, in addition, GMI group received GMI and the combined group received GMI and rTMS, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Hong Kong version of Functional Test for the Hemiplegic Upper Extremity (FTHUE-HK) before and after treatment. ResultsThe scores of FMA-UE, ARAT and MBI, and grades of FTHUE-HK improved in all the groups after treatment (|t| > 9.681, P < 0.001), and all these indexes were the best in the combined group (F > 13.241, P < 0.001). ConclusionGMI combined with rTMS can further improve the motor function of upper limbs and activities of daily living of stroke patients.

Effect of combination of pressure biofeedback therapy and Flexi-bar in sitting on chronic non-specific low back pain / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the immediate and short-term effects of pressure biofeedback therapy combined with Flexi-bar exercise in the sitting position on chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). MethodsFrom June to September, 2022, 27 CNSLBP students in Xuzhou Medical University and other universities around were randomly divided into pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) group (n = 9), Flexi-bar group (n = 9) and combined group (n = 9). On the basis of routine rehabilitation guidance, the PBU group accepted pressure biofeedback therapy, the Flexi-bar group accepted active vibration therapy, and the combined group accepted pressure biofeedback therapy and active vibration therapy, for three weeks. They were measured core stability with Stabilizer, lumbar joint repositioning error (LJRE) with iHandy, and bilateral transverse abdominis thickness and multifidus muscle cross-sectional area with ultrasonography; and assessed with Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before and after treatment; and the core stability were measured immediately after the first treatment. ResultsThe indexes of core stability improved after the first treatment (|t| > 3.000, P < 0.05) in all groups, and improved the most in the combined group (F > 10.909, P < 0.001). All the indexes improved after three weeks of treatment (|t| > 2.604, P < 0.05), except for LJRE in PBU group; and they were the best in the combined group (|F| > 4.061, P < 0.05), except LJRE was not significantly different from the Flexi-bar group (P > 0.05). ConclusionPressure biofeedback therapy combined with Flexi-bar exercise in the sitting position can more effectively improve core stability and core muscles, proprioception, and pain for patients with CNSLBP.

Exploring the mechanism of anti-hereditary Parkinson's disease of baicalein based on PINK1 RNAi Drosophila model / 药学学报

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of baicalein on a Drosophila model of hereditary Parkinson's disease caused by gene mutations and to preliminarily elucidate the mechanism of baicalein in delaying hereditary Parkinson's disease. In this paper, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-RNAi Parkinson's Drosophila were used as the model group and wild-type Drosophila w1118 were used as the control group. Different doses of baicalein and Madopa were administered to the model group to observe their effects on the life span, motor ability, the abnormal rate of wings, dopamine content and dopaminergic neurons of PINK1-RNAi Parkinson's Drosophila and their effects on mitochondrial dysfunction including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. The results showed that the effective administration doses of baicalein were 0.8 mg·mL-1 for low concentration, 1.6 mg·mL-1 for medium concentration and 3.2 mg·mL-1 for high concentration, and the optimal administration dose of the positive drug Madopa was 0.1 μg·mL-1. Baicalein and Madopa could significantly improve the life span, exercise ability and reduce the abnormal rate of wings of PINK1-RNAi male Drosophila (P < 0.05), and low dose baicalein showed the best effect; baicalein could improve the loss of dopaminergic neurons, and the effects of low dose and high dose were the best, but Madopa showed no significant effect; baicalein and Madopa had no significant effect on dopamine content (P > 0.05). Baicalein and Madopa could increase the ATP content of PINK1-RNAi male Drosophila (P < 0.05), and low dose baicalein showed the best effect; middle dose baicalein could significantly increase the mtDNA content of PINK1-RNAi male Drosophila (P < 0.05), but Madopa had no significant effect; baicalein and Madopa had no significant effect on ROS content (P > 0.05).

Mechanism of 'Invigorating Qi and Promoting Blood Circulation' Drug Pair Ginseng-Danshen on Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Using network pharmacology to explore the mechanism of the 'invigorating qi and promoting blood circulation' drug pair Ginseng-Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD).@*METHODS@#The chemical constituents of ginseng and Danshen drug pair were identified by searching the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the potential targets of the pair were identified. The pharmacodynamics of the pair was analyzed using network pharmacology. The targets of IHD were identified by database screening. Using protein-protein interaction network, the interaction targets of Ginseng-Danshen on IHD were constructed. A "constituent-target-disease" interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape software, Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis and biological pathway enrichment analysis were carried out, and the mechanism of improving myocardial ischemia by the Ginseng-Danshen drug pair was investigated.@*RESULTS@#Seventeen active constituents and 53 targets were identified from ginseng, 53 active constituents and 61 targets were identified from Danshen, and 32 protein targets were shared by ginseng and Danshen. Twenty GO terms were analyzed, including cytokine receptor binding, cytokine activity, heme binding, and antioxidant activity. Sixty Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways were analyzed, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-serine-threonine kinase (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, interleukin 17 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and the advanced glycation end product (AGE)-the receptor for AGE (RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications.@*CONCLUSION@#The specific mechanism of Ginseng-Danshen drug pair in treating IHD may be associated with improving the changes of metabolites inbody, inhibiting the production of peroxides, removing the endogenous oxygen free radicals, regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, reducing myocardial cell apoptosis and promoting vascular regeneration.

Network Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal injection in adjuvant treatment of unstable angina pectoris / 中国中药杂志

The present study evaluated the curative efficacy of Chinese herbal injection on unstable angina pectoris( UAP) by network Meta-analysis. The databases,including Pub Med,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,CBM,VIP and Wanfang were searched for randomized controlled trial( RCT) of Chinese herbal injection in the treatment of UAP. All researchers independently screened the articles,extracted the data and evaluated the quality. Open BUGS and Stata were employed for the analysis of the trials that met the quality standards. Fifty-eight studies were finally included in this study,involving 20 intervention measures. In terms of the effective rate,16 injections such as Dengzhan Xixin Injection,Xuesaitong Injection and Danshen Injection combined with western medicine exhibited significant efficacy. In terms of ECG,Puerarin Injection,Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Dipyridamole Injection( GDI),Breviscapine Injection combined with western medicine were superior to western medicine. In terms of the reduction of the angina attack times,Sodium Tanshinone ⅡASulfonate Injection,GDI and Dazhu Hongjingtian Injection combined with western medicine showed better effects than western medicine. In terms of shortening the angina duration,Shenmai Injection combined with western medicine was superior to western medicine. As revealed by the results,Dengzhan Xixin Injection,Xuesaitong Injection,Danshen Injection,Breviscapine Injection,Danshen Ligustrazine Injection combined with western medicine displayed prominent curative efficacy,which were recommended for clinical application. Meanwhile,appropriate intervention measures should be selected according to individual conditions. Limited by the quality of the included trials,the conclusions still need to be further verified.

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Paeoniae Radix Rubra： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Paeoniae Radix Rubra is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice， it is mostly wild and widely distributed in different areas of China. In addition， the plant of Paeoniae Radix Rubra also has ornamental value. Modern phytochemical researches showed that the chemical constituents of Paeoniae Radix Rubra were complex. Up to now， more than 300 chemical constituents have been found， mainly including monoterpene glycosides， triterpenoids， flavonoids， tannins， phenolic acids， saccharides， steroids， volatile oils and so on. Among them， the content of monoterpene glycosides was the highest， and the types of volatile oil were the most. Paeoniae Radix Rubra has a wide range of pharmacological effects， exerting different curative effects in multiple systems such as blood， cardiovascular， nervous and digestive system. It can protect myocardial cells and nerve cells， stabilize microcirculation， anti-endotoxin， anti-atherosclerosis， reduce pulmonary hypertension， anti-depression， protect liver， anti-gastric ulcer， anti-tumor， slow down aging， treat Parkinson's syndrome and diabetes and its complications， anti-radiation， anti-inflammatory， anti-virus and so on. Through reviewing the literature on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Paeoniae Radix Rubra， it was found that total glycosides and monomers such as paeoniflorin， albiflorin， benzoylpaeoniflorin and gallic acid may be the main active components of Paeoniae Radix Rubra. At present， the research on Paeoniae Radix Rubra mainly focused on monoterpene glycosides， while the research on flavonoids and volatile oil in Paeoniae Radix Rubra was less. It is suggested that research on these two components should be strengthened in the future.

Analysis of Chinese Patent Medicines in 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Part Ⅰ) for Cough of Children / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To analyze the functions and indications， formulation， dosage form and medication characteristics of Chinese patent medicines in the 2020 edition of<italic> Chinese Pharmacopoeia</italic> （part Ⅰ） for treating cough of children， and to provide ideas for the clinical rational application and provide reference for the research and development of new cough medicines for children. Method:The name， dosage form， formulation， functions and indications， usage and dosage， and other information of Chinese patent medicines for cough were collected from the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia </italic>（part Ⅰ）， then relevant information was input into Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine v2.0， and data analysis and mining were carried out through the analysis module of prescription medication rule， VOSviewer 1.6.14 was used to make drug clustering network view of Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of exogenous wind cold， exogenous wind heat and phlegm heat cough. Result:In the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia </italic>（part Ⅰ）， a total of 75 kinds of Chinese patent medicines for treating cough of children were collected， including 34 kinds of Chinese patent medicines for adults and children， 41 kinds of Chinese patent medicines for children only. There were 7 types of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes， such as wind-cold attacking the lung， wind-heat invading the lung and phlegm-heat obstructing the lung. There were 45 Chinese patent medicines for treating exogenous cough， accounting for 60%， among which 35 kinds were used for exogenous wind-heat cough and 10 kinds were used for wind-cold cough. There were 30 kinds of Chinese patent medicines for treating internal injury cough， including 19 kinds of medicines for phlegm heat obstructing the lung， 4 kinds of medicines for phlegm dampness containing the lung and phlegm food stagnation， 2 kinds of medicines for Yin-deficiency lung heat， 1 kind of medicine for the lung and spleen Qi-deficiency. The formulation analysis showed that Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Platycodonis Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Armeniacae Semen Amarum and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium appeared frequently， which were mainly cold， bitter and sweet herbs， mainly belonged to the lung and stomach meridians. According to the analysis of administration and dosage forms， 71 kinds of Chinese patent medicines were administered through gastrointestinal tract， including 20 kinds of granules， 15 kinds of oral liquids， others included syrups， pills， capsules， tablets， powers， etc. Only 2 suppositories and 2 injections were administered by nongastrointestinal tract. The usage and dosage of most Chinese patent medicines were not clear. Conclusion:In the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia </italic>（part Ⅰ）， the main syndromes of Chinese patent medicines for cough of children are exogenous wind-heat and phlegm-heat obstruction in the lung. Most of the Chinese medicines are cold， bitter and sweet， and their meridians are mainly lung and stomach meridians. Scutellariae Radix， Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus are the most common medicines of exogenous wind heat syndrome. Perillae Folium， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Ephedrae Herba are the most common medicines of exogenous wind cold syndrome. Meanwhile， Scutellariae Radix， Platycodonis Radix and Armeniacae Semen Amarum are the most common medicines of phlegm heat obstructing the lung syndrome. At present， the dosage forms of Chinese patent medicines used for treating cough of children are too few and the dosage labeling is not comprehensive， so it is necessary to further strengthen the research and development of new Chinese medicines suitable for characteristics of children.

Mutation in ε-Sarcoglycan Induces a Myoclonus-Dystonia Syndrome-Like Movement Disorder in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Myoclonus dystonia syndrome (MDS) is an inherited movement disorder, and most MDS-related mutations have so far been found in the ε-sarcoglycan (SGCE) coding gene. By generating SGCE-knockout (KO) and human 237 C > T mutation knock-in (KI) mice, we showed here that both KO and KI mice exerted typical movement defects similar to those of MDS patients. SGCE promoted filopodia development in vitro and inhibited excitatory synapse formation both in vivo and in vitro. Loss of function of SGCE leading to excessive excitatory synapses that may ultimately contribute to MDS pathology. Indeed, using a zebrafish MDS model, we found that among 1700 screened chemical compounds, Vigabatrin was the most potent in readily reversing MDS symptoms of mouse disease models. Our study strengthens the notion that mutations of SGCE lead to MDS and most likely, SGCE functions to brake synaptogenesis in the CNS.

Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion combined with Rhinocort spray is superior to Rhinocort spray alone in improving symptoms of moderate-severe allergic rhinitis patients / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion combined with Rhinocort spray in the treatment of symptoms, sleep quality and daily life quality of patients with moderate-severe allergic rhinitis(AR)．. METHODS: A total of 67 patients with persistent moderate-severe AR were recruited in the present study and randomized into a treatment group (n＝35) and a control group (n＝32). The patients in the treatment group were treated by herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion (applied to Dazhui [GV14], and bilateral Feishu [BL13], Shenshu [BL23] and Zhiyang [GV9], 3 moxa-cones/time, once every other day) plus Rhinocort spray (once in the morning and evening separately, 256 µg/d), and patients in the control group treated by Rhinocort spray alone (the same to that mentioned above). All the treatments were given for 4 weeks. The therapeutic effect was evaluated with reference to the "Principles and Recommended Schemes for Diagnosis and Treatment of AR" formulated by Otolaryngology Branch of Chinese Medical Association before and after the treatment. The severity of symptoms of AR was assessed by using visual analogue scale (VAS), the life quality of nasal conjunctivitis assessed using "Rhino-conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ)"， and the sleep quality assessed using "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)" before and after the treatment, followed by 3 months' follow-up survey. RESULTS: After the treatment, the VAS and RQLQ scores in both groups and PSQI of the treatment group were significantly decreased in comparison with their own base-line levels of pre-treatment in each group (P0.05). Follow-up survey showed that the VAS and RQLQ scores in both groups and PSQI of the treatment group were still significantly lower than those of pre-treatment in each group(P<0.05), and the VAS, RQLQ and PSQI scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). After 4 weeks' treatment, of the 32 and 35 AR patients in the control and treatment groups, 7 and 16 experienced marked improvement, 16 and 14 were effective, and 9 and 5 failed, with the effective rate being 71.9% and 85.7%, respectively. The effective rate of the treatment group was significantly superior to that of the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion combined with Rhinocort spray has a good therapeutic effect in improving symptoms, sleep and quality of life in patients with persistent moderate-severe AR, which is obviously superior to that of Rhinocort spray alone in improving sleep and quality of life.

Clinical study of thumb-tack needle therapy for cervical radiculopathy based onmeridian differentiation / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and eligibility of thumb-tack needle therapy based on meridian differentiation in treating cervical radiculopathy. Methods: A total of 70 patients with cervical radiculopathy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 35 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received thumb-tack needle based on conventional point selection, while those in the observation group received thumb-tack needle according to meridian differentiation. The visual analog scale (VAS) and clinical symptom scores in the two groups were compared before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy of the two treatments was observed. Results: After treatment, the VAS score in both groups dropped significantly (both P<0.01), and the VAS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The clinical symptoms score in both groups dropped significantly (all P<0.01), and the clinical symptoms score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Thumb-tack needle therapy based on meridian differentiation can reduce pain score, improve clinical symptoms in patients with cervical radiculopathy, and produce more significant efficacy compared with conventional thumb-tack needle therapy.

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating autophagy and ischemic heart disease / 中国中药杂志

Ischemic heart disease(IHD) is a common and frequently-occurring disease that causes serious harm to human health. Autophagy is a life process that maintains cell homeostasis by degrading macromolecules such as damaged organelles in cells. In the process of ischemic heart disease development, on the one hand, cardiomyocytes degrade macromolecules such as damaged organelles by autophagy to provide material basis for energy synthesis and maintain cell homeostasis; on the other hand, over-activated autophagy can also increase cardiomyocyte death. Ischemic heart disease has a complex pathological mechanism, and the occurrence of autophagy is closely related to the survival or death of myocardial cells, so the regulation of autophagy may be an important therapeutic target for ischemic heart disease. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) with obvious effects, unique advantages and great potential has been widely used in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. In recent years, more and more studies have found that TCM can protect myocardium by regulating autophagy of cardiomyocytes. In this review, we summarized recent studies on the regulation of autophagy in myocardial cells by traditional Chinese medicine in ischemic heart disease. The pharmacological mechanism of Chinese medicinein regulating autophagy to protect cardiomyocytes was reviewed through different ways(promoting or inhibiting autophagy) from three levels, i.e. active ingredient, as well as drug pair and compound. The specific mechanism of Chinese medicine in regulating autophagy to protect ischemic heart disease was explored to provide references or new ideas for clinical treatment and drug development of ischemic heart disease.

Salvianolic acid B regulates mitochondrial autophagy mediated by NIX to protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to investigate whether the mechanism of salvianolic acid B in protecting H9 c2 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury is related to the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy mediated by NIX. H9 c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into normal group, model group and salvianolic acid B group(50 μmol·L~(-1)). Hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model was established by hypoxia for 4 h and reoxygenation for 2 h. In normal group, high glucose DMEM medium was used for culture. Those in model group were cultured with DMEM medium without glucose and oxygen, and no drugs for hypoxia and reoxyge-nation. In salvianolic acid B group, salvianolic acid B prepared by glucose-free DMEM medium was added during hypoxia, and the other process was as same as the model group. The cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. The leakage of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was detected by microplate method. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm) were measured by chemical fluorescence method. The level of intracellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP) was mea-sured by fluorescein enzyme method. The autophagy related proteins LC3-Ⅰ, LC3-Ⅱ, apoptosis related protein cleaved caspase-3 and mitochondrial autophagy receptor protein NIX were detected by Western blot. As compared with the normal group, the activity of H9 c2 cardiomyocytes and ATP level were decreased(P<0.05); LDH leakage and ROS production were increased(P<0.01); ΔΨm was decreased(P<0.01); LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio, cleaved caspase-3 and NIX protein expression levels were increased(all P<0.05) in the model group. As compared with the model group, the activity of cells and ΔΨm were significantly increased(P<0.01); ATP level was increased(P<0.05); LDH leakage and ROS generation were decreased(P<0.01); LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio was decreased(P<0.01); cleaved caspase-3 and NIX expression levels were decreased(P<0.05) in the salvianolic acid B group. The protective effect of salvianolic acid B on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of H9 c2 cardiomyocytes may be associated with inhibiting mitochondrial auto-phagy. The specific mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of mitochondrial autophagy mediated by NIX, increasing ΔΨm, reducing ROS production, reducing the expression of cleaved caspase-3, LC3-Ⅱ, and increasing cell viability.

Clinical observation of herb-separated moxibustion combining western medication on allergic rhinitis of kidney- deficiency type and correlation with infrared thermal imagining / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the therapeutic effect of herb-separated moxibustion combined with budesonide nasal spray (rhinocort) on moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis (AR) of kidney- deficiency type, and to explore the correlation between nasal temperature and condition of allergic rhinitis.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 patients with moderate to severe persistent AR were randomized into an observation group (35 cases) and a control group (35 cases, 3 cases dropped off). Both groups were treated with rhinocort, one spray on each side of the nostril (approximately 64 μg each spray), once in the morning and once in the evening, for 4 weeks. On the basis of the above treatment, the observation group was treated with herb-separated moxibustion at Shenshu (BL 23), Feishu (BL 13), Zhiyang (GV 9), Dazhui (GV 14), 3 moxibustions per acupoint, a single treatment lasting about 30 min. This treatment was given once every other day, 3 times every week, and totally continuous 4 weeks. The changes of AR symptom visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were observed before and after treatment and at 3 months follow-up after treatment. The heat variation (temperature, range) on projection areas of the nose, lungs, large intestine and kidneys of the two groups' patients before and after treatment were detected by the infrared thermal imaging diagnostic system, and the correlation between the VAS scores and nasal temperature before and after treatment was analyzed. The clinical effects of both groups were evaluated according to the VAS score.@*RESULTS@#The total effective rate in the observation group after treatment was 85.7% (30/35), which was higher than 71.9% in the control group (23/32, <0.05). After treatment and at follow-up, the VAS scores of both groups were lower than those before treatment (<0.05), and the VAS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group at follow-up (<0.05). After treatment, the nasal temperature, pulmonary range, large intestinal range and renal range of the observation group were all lower than those before treatment (<0.05), the nasal temperature and nasal range of the control group were lower than before treatment (<0.05), and the reduction of nasal temperature, nasal range and renal range in the observation group was greater than that of the control group (<0.05). Before and after treatment, there was a correlation between VAS score and nasal temperature (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The herb-separated moxibustion combining western medication has a better effect and long-term effect than western medication alone for moderate to severe persistent AR, which can improve heat variation on projected areas of the nose, lung, large intestine and kidney of patients. In addition, nasal temperature can reflect the severity of the symptoms of patients with moderate to severe persistent AR, or it can be used as a secondary indicator to evaluate condition of AR.

Effect of Shuangshen Ningxin Capsule in Alleviating Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Regulating Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive Potassium Channel / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Shuangshen Ningxin capsule in alleviating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by regulating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate（ATP）-sensitive potassium channels.Method:A total of 56 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated control group (sham), model group (model), Shuangshen Ningxin group (SSNX, 90 mg·kg-1).Shuangshen Ningxin and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (MitoKATP) channel inhibitor group 5-hydroxyl-acid group (SSNX+5-HD, 5 mg·kg-1), with 14 rats in each group. Except the sham operation group, the other three groups received occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 45 min, and were sacrificed 3 h after reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia and infarct size were observed by TSC Evans blue staining, and myocardial tissue damage degree was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The kit was used to measure serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). The ultrastructural changes of mitochondria and mitochondrial autophagy were observed under transmission electron microscope. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential in cardiomyocytes were detected by fluorescent probe.Result:Compared with the sham group, myocardial infarct size and myocardial ischemic area percentage in the model group were significantly increased, myocardial tissue arrangement was disordered and loose, individual myocardial fibers were broken, cardiomyocytes were necrotic, and serum CK, CK-MB, LDH activities were significantly increased (P<0.01). Mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and mitochondrial structure was destroyed by transmission electron microscopy. Compared with the model group, the myocardial tissue of the SSNX group was arranged orderly, and a small amount of cell edema was mildly degenerated. The percentage of myocardial infarct size and myocardial ischemic area was significantly decreased, serum CK, CK-MB, and LDH activities were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while mitochondrial membrane potential increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the SSNX+5-HD group had mild myocardial tissue disorder and mild degeneration of cell edema in some areas, the percentage of myocardial infarct size and myocardial ischemic area was significantly reduced, serum CK, CK-MB, and LDH activities were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and mitochondrial membrane potential increased (P<0.01). Compared with SSNX group, SSNX+5-HD group had significant increase in serum CK, CK-MB and LDH activities (P<0.01), significant increase in the percentage of myocardial infarct size and myocardial ischemic area, and mitochondrial membrane potential Reduced (P<0.05).Conclusion:SSNX protects rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by opening mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel.

Experimental study on the effect of radioactive 125I particles on alveolar echinococcosis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of 125I particles in alveolar echinococcosis with the animal model (nude mice and Sprague Dawley rats). Methods:Twenty 10 weeks nude mice with body weight ranged from 20 to 24 g were divided into three groups. Sixteen nude mice were divided into experimental group ( n=8), puncture group ( n=4) and model group ( n=4). There was no intervention in the model group and only particle puncture needle was used in the puncture group. 125I particles were implanted in the experimental group. 14 male Sprague Dawley rats without specific pathogen, with body weight 280-320 g, 12 weeks old, were used to construct the model of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Then the rats were divided into intervention group ( n=10) and control group ( n=4). In the intervention group, 125I particles were pushed into the lesions. The abdomen was only open and closed in the control group. All the mice were sacrificed 45 days after intervention. The tumor size was measured. The activity of protoscolex and pathological changes of Echinococcus multilocularis in each group were observed. Results:At the timepoint of 22nd, 30th and 40th day of intervention, the largest diameter of tumor in nude mice experimental group was (10.7±5.2) mm, (10.9±5.0) mm, (8.5±4.3) mm, smaller than that in puncture group (24.5±4.4) mm, (25.4±4.1) mm, (31.4±2.8) mm and model group (22.5±7.3) mm, (25.0±5.4) mm, (26.7±6.3) mm, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The number and activity of protoscoleces in experimental group were lower than those in puncture group and model group. Under the light microscope, the structure of echinococcus vesiculae and its body in the experimental group was obviously destroyed, and the cuticle and germinal layer of echinococcus vesiculae in the puncture group and the model group were normal, with multiple intact protoscoleces. The pathological changes of Sprague Dawley rats in the intervention group and the control group were basically the same as those in the nude mice model. Conclusion:The 125I particle radiation effect can kill Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and inhibit the growth of alveolar echinococcosis.

Prospection of optical coherence tomography for determining the tumor invasive front of hilar cholangiocarcinoma / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography(OCT)technique to determine the tumor invasive front of hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS: Two patients were diagnosed in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital as type Bismuth Ⅳ and type Ⅲ b hilar cholangiocarcinoma respectively and both underwent perihilar and left trihepatectomy.The common bile duct-common hepatic duct,right anterior hepatic duct and left hepatic duct were all opened along the axial direction of the bile duct after the two specimens were excised.OCT equipment was used to scan the three branches to determine the dividing point between cancer and normal bile duct.Suture markers were performed of the 6 positions,and pathological examination was carried out.RESULTS: Pathologically,both 2 cases were confirmed as hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Under OCT scan,normal bile ducts showed the inner single layer of epithelial cells was visible as a superficial,hypo-reflective layer.The intermediate connective fibromuscular layer was visible as a hyper-reflective layer and the outer connective layer was visible as a hypo-reflective layer.Malignancies showed unrecognizable layer architecture and multiple presence of nonreflective areas,with or without papillary architecture.Among 6 marker-positions determined by OCT in the 2 specimens,4 sites were less than 1 mm,1 site was about 2 mm and 1 site was about 7 mm apart from pathological tumor invasive front.CONCLUSION: OCT as a fast-real-time imaging technique has the potential to determine the tumor invasive front of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Rapid and Sparse Labeling of Neurons Based on the Mutant Virus-Like Particle of Semliki Forest Virus / 神经科学通报·英文版

Sparse labeling of neurons contributes to uncovering their morphology, and rapid expression of a fluorescent protein reduces the experiment range. To achieve the goal of rapid and sparse labeling of neurons in vivo, we established a rapid method for depicting the fine structure of neurons at 24 h post-infection based on a mutant virus-like particle of Semliki Forest virus. Approximately 0.014 fluorescent focus-forming units of the mutant virus-like particle transferred enhanced green fluorescent protein into neurons in vivo, and its affinity for neurons in vivo was stronger than for neurons in vitro and BHK21 (baby hamster kidney) cells. Collectively, the mutant virus-like particle provides a robust and convenient way to reveal the fine structure of neurons and is expected to be a helper virus for combining with other tools to determine their connectivity. Our work adds a new tool to the approaches for rapid and sparse labeling of neurons in vivo.

Cortical Organization of Centrifugal Afferents to the Olfactory Bulb: Mono- and Trans-synaptic Tracing with Recombinant Neurotropic Viral Tracers / 神经科学通报·英文版

Sensory processing is strongly modulated by different brain and behavioral states, and this is based on the top-down modulation. In the olfactory system, local neural circuits in the olfactory bulb (OB) are innervated by centrifugal afferents in order to regulate the processing of olfactory information in the OB under different behavioral states. The purpose of the present study was to explore the organization of neural networks in olfactory-related cortices and modulatory nuclei that give rise to direct and indirect innervations to the glomerular layer (GL) of the OB at the whole-brain scale. Injection of different recombinant attenuated neurotropic viruses into the GL showed that it received direct inputs from each layer in the OB, centrifugal inputs from the ipsilateralanterior olfactory nucleus (AON), anterior piriform cortex (Pir), and horizontal limb of diagonal band of Broca (HDB), and various indirect inputs from bilateral cortical neurons in the AON, Pir, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, HDB, dorsal raphe, median raphe and locus coeruleus. These results provide a circuitry basis that will help further understand the mechanism by which olfactory information-processing in the OB is regulated.

Effects of dezocine-remifentanil intravenous anaesthesia on perioperative signs, serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 in liver cancer patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation

Objective: To analyse the impact of dezocine-remifentanil intravenous anaesthesia on perioperative signs, serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], and interleukin-6 [IL-6] in liver cancer patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation [RFA]

Study Design: An experimental study

Place And Duration Of Study: Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, from January 2017 to February 2018

Methodology: Eighty patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma [SHCC] were selected as the research object. They were divided into Group A and Group B with the random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. Group A were given dezocine-remifentanil intravenous anaesthesia and Group B were given midazolam-remifentanil intravenous anaesthesia. Patients' situations in the surgery were compared between the two groups. Changes in heart rate [HR], mean arterial pressure [MAP] and blood oxygen saturation [SpO₂] were recorded before the surgery [T₀], at 5 minutes after the RFA [T₁] and at the end of the RFA [T₂]. Levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha; [TNF-alpha;] and interleukin-6 [IL-6] on the 1² day after the RFA were compared between the two groups

Results: The wake-up time in Group A was shorter than Group B [p<0.001], and the VAS pain score in Group A was lower than Group B [p<0.001]. At T₁, the MAP in Group A was higher than Group B [p<0.001]. There was no significant difference in MAP between the two groups at T₀ and T₂ [p=0.881, 0.696, respectively]. At T₁ and T₂, the HR in Group A was lower than Group B [all p<0.001]. There was no significant difference in HR between the two groups at T₀ [p=0.684]. There was no significant difference in SpO₂ between the two groups at T₀, T₁ and T₂ [p=0.654, 0.884 and 0.798, respectively]. On the 1st day after the RFA, the level of TNF-alpha;, IL-6 in Group A were lower than those of Group B [all p<0.001]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative complications between the two groups [p=0.644]

Conclusion: Compared with midazolam-remifentanil intravenous anaesthesia, the dezocine-remifentanil method has a better analgesic effect, shorter wake-up time, and can effectively regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha; and IL-6. However, the effect of remifentanil on the respiratory function is dose-dependent. Therefore, respiratory cycle monitoring and management should be strengthened during the surgery

The relationship between serum IL-10 level of patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus and carotid atherosclerosis / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of IL-10 in serum of patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and its relationship with carotid atherosclerosis.Methods Totally 168 cases of T2DM patients treated in our hospital from May 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the IMT value,the patients were divided into the normal group,the thickening of the group and carotid atherosclerosis plaque formation group.In addition,65 cases of healthy volunteers in our hospital physical examination center at the same period were treated as control group.The levels of serum inflammation index,blood glucose,blood lipid and other indicators of all subjects were compared,at the same time,the correlation between IL-10 and other detection index was analyzed.Additionally,the risk factors of T2DM patients with carotid atherosclerosis were analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of IL-6,blood glucose,blood lipid and other indicators in T2DM patients increased significantly(P＜0.05),while the level of IL-10 decreased significantly(P＜0.05);with the increase of IMT,the levels of IL-6,blood glucose,blood lipid and other indicators in T2DM patients increased significantly,but the level of IL-10 decreased significantly,meanwhile the differences between the groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Compared with normal group,the levels of IL-6,blood glucose,blood lipid and other indicators of patients in thickening group and plaque group significantly elevated,but the level of IL-10 decreased significantly;the levels of IL-6,blood glucose,blood lipid and other indicators of patients in plaque group were obviously higher than those of thickening group,and IL-10 level was significantly lower than thickening group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05);the levels of IL-10 in the serum were negatively correlated with blood glucose,blood lipid and other indicators (P＜0.05);multifactor non-conditional Logistic analysis showed that IL-6,Hcy and UA were the risk factors for atherosclerosis in T2DM patients,and IL-10 was the protective factor.Conclusion The level of IL-10 of patients with T2DM is closely related to the occurrence and development of carotid artery atherosclerosis,which provides a new target for clinical treatment.